3 中國象棋

　　中國象棋早在戰國時期（前 475—前 221）就有記載，最初稱為六博，用象牙做成，到了北宋（960—1127）末期定型為近代模式。棋盤為九豎十橫線畫成的長方形平面，是中國封建社會制度和文化的縮影 —有中軍帳（九宮） 、士位（士、仕）、文官（象、相）、武將 （車、馬、炮）、士兵（兵、卒） 。是世界四大棋類（中國圍棋、中國象棋、國際象棋、日本將棋）之一。

　　Chinese Chess

　　The earliest records of Chinese chess can betraced back to the Warring States Period (475BC—221BC). The early-stage Chinese chess was composed of six piecescarved out of ivory, and was therefore called “Six Boxing.” Its final form of play was fixed at the end of the Northern SongDynasty (960AD—1127AD) after a long period of development. The chessboard is arectangular board that is 9 lines wide by 10 lines long. Composed of marshal orgeneral, advisors (scholar or official), civil officials(elephant or minister),military officers (chariots, horses and cannons), and soldiers (soldiers orpawns), Chinese chess is Chinese social institution and culture in miniature.It is also one of the four most popular chess games in the world, the otherthree being Chinese Weiqi, the games of chess, and shogi(or general’s chess).

 

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