1. and、but、or和so都是連詞，用來(lái)連接單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。

★連詞and表示“和，并，而且”，可以用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)等的成分，也可以起承上啟下的作用，所連接的成分之間是并列關(guān)系。例如：When he returned, Tina and Sue had already gone.Some children can read and write before they go to school.

★連詞but表示“但是，而，可是”，所連接的成分之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。例如：I got it wrong. It wasn't the red one but the blue one.His mother won't be there, but his father might.

★連詞or表示“或者”，所連接的成分之間是選擇關(guān)系。但是，在否定句中，or表示的是并列關(guān)系，而不是選擇關(guān)系。例如：Is Susan older or younger than you?She does not enjoy going to parties or dining out.

★連詞so表示“所以”，所連接的句子之間是因果關(guān)系。例如：It was still painful so I went to see a doctor.We don't like it here so we've decided to move.

2. both ... and ...、not only ... but (also) ...、either ... or ... 和neither ... nor ...

both ... and ...、not only ... but (also) ...、either ... or ... 和neither ... nor ... 都是連詞，可以連接兩個(gè)并列的成分，如主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。例如：Both my sister and I can play the piano.Mr White not only likes music but (also) enjoys sports.You can have either tea or coffee.

★both ... and ... 意為“……和……都”。如果both ... and ... 連接的兩個(gè)成分作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Both New York and London have traffic problems.

★not only ... but (also) ... 意為“不但……而且……”。如果not only ... but (also) ... 連接的兩個(gè)成分作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與but (also)后面的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，即遵循“就近原則”。例如：Not only the students but (also) their teacher is enjoying the film.

★either ... or ... 意為“不是……就是……;或者……或者……”。如果either ... or ... 連接的兩個(gè)成分作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與or后面的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，也應(yīng)遵循“就近原則”。例如：Either you or I am right about this maths problem.

★neither ... nor ... 意為“既不……也不……”。如果neither ... nor ... 連接的兩個(gè)成分作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與nor后面的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，也應(yīng)遵循“就近原則”。例如： Neither Linda nor Mary is good at drawing.

隨堂練習(xí)

Ⅰ. 從各題后所給的選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案。

1. The doctors worked for ten hours, ________ nobody took a break.A. soB. forC. butD. or2. —Does Lisa come from the US ________ the UK?—Sorry, I don't know.A. and B. or C. but3. —I'm the only child in my family, Tom.—I don't have brothers ________ sisters, either.A. andB. orC. butD. for4. —Jamie, please send me postcards ________ I'll know where you have visited.—It's a good idea!A. butB. soC. orD. for5. Many tourists visit Hainan around the Spring Festival, because it's ________ too cold ________ too hot.A. both ... and ...B. not only ... but also ...C. neither ... nor ...6. —Mom, can I have the pink skirt and the white shirt? I like them very much.—Sorry, baby. They cost too much, but you can choose ________ the skirt ________ the shirt.A. both; andB. either; orC. neither; nor7. ________ Tom ________ Tim is going with you because one of them must stay at home.A. Either; orB. Neither; norC. Both; andD. Not only; but also8. Mr Green is our English teacher ________ he teaches us English well.A. orB. soC. andD. but9. ________ human beings ________ animals can live without air.A. Both; andB. Either; orC. Neither; norD. Not only; but also10. —How do you like the film series The Battle at Lake Changjin?—It's great! ________ the first ________ the second film of the series is wonderful.A. Either; orB. Neither; norC. Both; andD. Not only; but alsoⅡ. 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思，完成下列英語(yǔ)句子，每空詞數(shù)不限。1. 等公共汽車時(shí)間太久會(huì)讓人不耐煩。Waiting too long for the bus can ____________________.2. 你在走這一步之前，必須三思。You must ____________________ before you take this step.3. 飯后，Lily和Lucy都主動(dòng)要求洗碗。After dinner, ____________________ offered to ____________________.4. Joe和他的父母都沒(méi)有去過(guò)鹽城。Neither Joe nor his parents ____________________ Yancheng.5. 你們不必過(guò)于為我擔(dān)心，我能照顧好自己。You needn't ____________________ me. I can take good care of myself.6. 我們不僅要提高自身能力，還要學(xué)會(huì)接受別人的建議。 We should not only improve our abilities ____________________.

參考答案

Ⅰ. 1—5 CBBBC 6—10 BACCDⅡ. 1. make people impatient2. think twice3. both Lily and Lucy; do / wash the dishes4. have been to5. worry too much about6. but (also) learn to accept others' advice

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