1)被動語態的用法：

① 不知道誰是動作的執行者(即不知道誰做)時用被動語態,省略by短語。如：

A man was killed in the accident.(一個人死于事故)

This window was broken yesterday.(這扇窗子是昨天被打破的)

②不說或者眾所周知是誰做時,用被動語態,省略by短語。如：

Rice is also grown in thisplace.(這個地方也種水稻)

A railroad will be built herein three years.(三年之后這里將要修建一條鐵路)

③強調動作的承受者,句尾加by短語。如：

It was written by Lu Xun.(它(書)是魯迅寫的)

A pet dog is never killed by its owner.(寵物狗是不會被主人宰殺的)

(2)主動語態如何改寫為被動語態：

(3)注意點：

①“動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語”改為被動時,可以用間接賓語做被動句的主語。如：

His teacher gave him adictionary.→He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老師給他一本字典→他得到老師一本字典)

也可以用直接賓語做被動句的主語,但是需用to或者for引出原句的間接賓語。如：

His teacher gave him a dictionary.→A dictionary was given to him by his teacher.

(老師給他一本字典→一本字典由老師送給了他)

His father made him a kite.

→A kite was made for him by his father.

(他的父親給他做了一個風箏→一個風箏由他的父親做給了他)

②“動詞+賓語+動詞原形”改為被動時,動詞原形前要加to.如：

The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day.→The poor man was made to work 12 hours a day.

(老板讓這個可憐的人一天工作12小時→這個可憐人被迫一天工作12小時)

③“動詞+…+介詞”改為被動時,介詞一般在原位不動。如：

The girl takes good care ofher little brother.

→The girl’s little brother is taken good care of by her.

(女孩照顧小弟弟→女孩的小弟弟由她照顧著)

④“be+過去分詞”未必表示被動語態,而可能是系表結構。如：

Heis pleased / worried / tired /…….

(系表)(他高興/焦慮/疲勞……)

He was hit / knocked down/ told / shot / …….

(被動)(他被擊中/撞倒/關照/射中……)

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