形容詞的分類與用法

一、形容詞的一般用法

1.作定語,一般放在所修飾詞的前面.

例如,It’s a cold and windy day.

2.作表語,放在系動詞的后面.

例如,He looks happy today.

3.形容詞修飾something,anything,nothing,everything等復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí),須放在其后.

例如,Would you like something hot to drink?

4.表示長、寬、高、深及年齡的形容詞,應(yīng)放在相應(yīng)的名詞之后.

例如,How long is the river?It’s about two hundred metres long.

5.只能作表語的形容詞：afraid害怕;alone獨(dú)自的;asleep睡著的;awake醒著的;alive活著的;well健康的;ill病的;frightened害怕的

例如,The man is ill.(正)

The ill man is my uncle.(誤)

6.只能作定語的形容詞：little小的;only唯一的;wooden木質(zhì)的;woolen羊毛質(zhì)的;elder年長的

例如,My elder brother is in Beijing.(正)

My brother is elder.(誤)

7.貌似副詞的形容詞：lonely獨(dú)自的;friendly友好的;lively生動的;lovely可愛的

8.復(fù)合形容詞：snow-white雪白的 English-speaking說英語的;glass-topped玻璃罩的;full-time全日制的;well-known眾所周知的;kind-hearted善良的;man-made人造的;take-away可以帶走的;ten-year-old十歲的.

二、多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋?/p>

限定詞(冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、數(shù)詞)——描繪詞(大小,長短,形狀,新舊,長幼,顏色)——出處——材料性質(zhì)——類別——名詞

A small round table一張小圓桌

A tall white building一幢高大的白色建筑物

A dirty old black shirt一件又臟又舊的黑色襯衣

A famous American medical school一個(gè)非常著名的美國醫(yī)學(xué)院

三、形容詞常用句型

1.“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么樣”.

注意：這一句型中常用描述行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的形容詞,如good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有禮貌的),clever(聰明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懶惰的),careful(細(xì)心的),careless(粗心的),right(正確的),wrong(錯(cuò)誤的)等.

例如,It’s very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)你能幫助我,真好.

It’s very rude of her to say such words.(=She is very rude to say such words.)她說這樣的話,真粗魯.

It’s foolish of him to go alone.(=He is foolish to go alone.)他單獨(dú)出去太傻了.

2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事對某人來說怎么樣”.

注意：這一句型中常用的形容詞有important(重要的),necessary(必要的),difficult(困難的),easy(容易的),hard(艱難的),dangerous(危險(xiǎn)的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒適的),interesting(有趣的),impossible(不可能的)等.

例如,It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)對于他們來說學(xué)好一門外語不容易.

It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.(=To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.)對于學(xué)生來說上課認(rèn)真聽老師講課是非常重要的.

It’s necessary for us to get to school on time.(=To get to school on time is necessary for us.)對于我們來說按時(shí)到校是非常必要的.

3.表示感情或情緒的形容詞,如glad(高興的),pleased(高興的),sad(憂傷的),thankful(感激的)等常接不定式.

例如,Glad to see you.見到你非常高興.

I’m very sad to hear the bad news.聽到這個(gè)壞新聞,我非常難過.

4.表示能力和意志的形容詞,如ready(樂意的,有準(zhǔn)備的),able(有能力的),sure(一定),certain(一定)等常接不定式.

例如,Lei Feng is always ready to help others.雷鋒總是樂于助人.

He is sure to get to school on time.他一定會按時(shí)到校

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