動(dòng)詞不定式的定義

(語(yǔ)態(tài))動(dòng)詞和參與此動(dòng)作的主語(yǔ)之間關(guān)系的一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)起者(或之一)時(shí)，稱(chēng)為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);

如果動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。如：

It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to be invited是被邀請(qǐng))

It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主語(yǔ))

I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作賓語(yǔ))

Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定語(yǔ))

He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作狀語(yǔ))

在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式可用被動(dòng)，也可用主動(dòng)。如：There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有時(shí)兩種形式表達(dá)的意思不同，如：There is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)

形式

1) 現(xiàn)在式：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。

He seems to know this.

I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.　我希望再見(jiàn)到你。

2) 完成式：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。

I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.

He seems to have caught a cold.

3)進(jìn)行式：表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。

He seems to be eating something.

4)完成進(jìn)行式：

She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.

一般在表示情緒的動(dòng)詞后加to do也表將來(lái)

疑問(wèn)詞

疑問(wèn)詞who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表 語(yǔ)等。如：

①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. (不定式在句子中做主語(yǔ))

②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. (不定式在句子中做賓語(yǔ))

③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. (不定式在句子中做直接賓語(yǔ))

④The question was where to get the medicine needed. (不定式在句子中表語(yǔ))

以上例句中疑問(wèn)詞+不定式部分，均可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的從句形式。如：①When we shall leave…③…how I

could learn……

經(jīng)常在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中使用的動(dòng)詞有：consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。

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