(√) He has been dead for two years.

　　(√) He died two years ago.

　　(×) The film has begun for 10 minutes. 電影開演十分鐘了。

　　(√) The film has been on for 10 minutes.

　　(√) The film began 10 minutes ago.

　　(×) She has married for three years. 她結婚有三年了。

　　(√) She has been married for three years.

　　(√) She married Mike three years ago.

　　2) 考生不懂如何區分have been to和have gone to，盡管兩者均可后接地點，但have been to表示去過某地（現在已經回來了），have gone to表示到某地去了（現在還沒回來）。如：

　　She has been to Paris (three times).

　　She has gone to Paris.

　　7

　　過去完成時

　　標志：had + 動詞的過去分詞

　　1. 表示在過去的某個時間或動作以前已經發生的動作或已經存在的狀態。如：

　　By the end of last week he had finished the work.

　　He had left when I arrived.

　　2.  表示從過去某一時間開始，一直延續到過去另一時間的動作或狀態。如：

　　We had not seen each other since I left Beijing.

　　The film had been on for 5 minutes when I got to the cinema.

　　3. 某些表意向的動詞（如intend， think， plan， expect， hope等）的過去完成時表示主語未曾實現的愿望、希望、打算。如：

　　I had intended to visit you last night， but someone called and I couldn’t get away.

　　We had hoped that you would come， but you didn’t.

　　4. （虛擬語氣）在條件狀體從句或wish / would rather等后面的從句中，使用過去完成時表示與過去事實相反的主觀愿望。如：

　　The party wouldn’t have been so perfect if you hadn’t come.

　　I wish I had gone with you to the concert that day.

　　5.  過去完成時與一般過去時

　　1) 基本區別：過去完成時表示以過去某時間為起點以前所發生的動作或存在的狀態，即過去完成時強調“過去的過去”，而一般過去時只表示以現在時間為起點以前所發生的事情或存在的狀態。如：

　　He studied there two years ago.他兩年前在那兒學習（離現在兩年）

　　He said he had studied there two years before.他說他兩年前在那兒學習過。（離他說話時兩年）

　　2) 特別注意：兩個動作如果按順序發生，又不強調先后，或者用then， and， but等連詞連接時，多用一般過去時。如：

　　When she saw the mouse， she screamed.

　　My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.

　　8

　　過去將來時

　　標志：would + 動詞原形

　　1. 表示從過去某一時間來看將要發生的動作或存在的狀態，一般用于主句為過去時的賓語從句中。如：

　　He said he would come here next Friday.

　　I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble.

　　2. 表示過去的動作習慣或傾向：

　　The old man would sit on a bench in the quite park for hours without doing anything.

　　When I worked on that farm， I would get up at 5 am.

　　3. 用于虛擬語氣中：

　　If I were you， I would not do that.

　　If he were here， he would show us how to do it.

　　4. 過去將來時的其他形式

　　1)  was / were going to + 動詞原形。如：

　　He told us that he was going to attend the meeting.

　　She said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station.

　　2) was / were to + 動詞原形。如：

　　The building was to be completed next month.

　　Li Lei was to arrive soon.

　　3)  was / were about to + 動詞原形。如：

　　We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.

　　He was about to have lunch when the bell rang.

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