初三英語語法知識點：人稱代詞主格與賓格

英語中的人稱代詞(Personal Pronouns)有主格、賓格和所有格之分，如：

I, me, my ; he, him, his ; they, them,their等。

顧名思義，主格(The nominative case)用作主語，賓格(The objective case)用作賓語，所有格(The possessive case)則表示所有之物。

在實際運用中，主格和賓格代詞有時會混淆。下面是常見的問題：

⒈在復合結(jié)構(gòu)里，人稱代詞的主格和賓格在單獨使用時，沒有問題，如很少人會犯下這樣的錯誤：

*(1)Wilcox spoke to I.

*(2)Her knew what had happened.

但在復合結(jié)構(gòu)中，錯誤就難免了，如：

*(3)Wilcox spoke to my friend and I.

*(4)He and her knew what had happened.

*(5)This is between you and he.

這種錯誤是可避免的。第一，在有介詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)中，特別要注意，第二個人稱代詞，必須用賓語，如："for you and me"和 "between Maria and him".第二，試把復合結(jié)構(gòu)中的另一部分暫時用括號圍起來，那么該用的格就容易辨別了，如：

(6)This message is for (My father and) I or me.

(7)(Marry and) he or him went downtown together.

顯然的，(5)里的代詞是賓格的"me", (6)里的代詞是主格的"he".

⒉在比較結(jié)構(gòu)里，連接詞"as"或"than"后面，按理用主格式，但在口語中，人們常用賓格形式，學美式英語者，更是如此：

(8)a. You did as well as she.

b. You did as well as her.

(9)a. I am older than he.

b. I am older than him.

(a)和(b)兩種說法，都可接受。但如果"as"和"than"后頭分句的主語和詞動都要完整出現(xiàn)的話，這時的人稱代詞，就必須是主格，如下：

(10)You did as well as she did.

(11)I am older than he is .

此外，還有一點要注意，就是"as"和"than"后面雖然在語法上用主格好，用賓格也可，但是有時意思會有所不同。試比較(a)和(b)：

(12)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I.

b. Jason praised Maria more highly than me.

(12)a和b都被接受，但(12)a等于(13)a，而(12)b等于(13)B：

(13)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I did (= I praised Maria).

b. Jason praised Maria more highly than he praised me.

顯然，這兩句的深層意思大有差別。遇到這種情形，為了避免誤解，不妨根據(jù)要表達的意思用完整的句式表達出來。換句話說，必要的話，要用(13)這句子。

不然，把(13)a變成(14), (13)b變成(15)也可：

(14)I did not praise Maria as highly as Jason did.

(15)Jason did not praise me as highly as he praised Maria.

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