初三英語語法被動語態的動詞

主動語態比被動語態直接而有力，多用主動語態，可以使文章充滿朝氣，呈現活力。在下列兩組句子中， (b)比(a)有力：

(1) a.My first visit to New Zealand will always be remembered by me.

b. I will always remember my first visit to New Zealand.

(2) a.The crowing of cocks could be heard at dawn.

b. The cocks' crow came with dawn.

雖然如此，在某些情況下，非用被動語態不可。前此已提過這事，這里不再重述。這里只有指出其中一點，就是有些動詞，如 "base, schedule, expect, suppose" 等，通常以被動語態形式出現。

例如：

(1)This survey was based on facts.

(2)The last train is scheduled to leave at 9pm.

(3)You are expected to come on time.

(4)All are supposed to work hard.

除了上述這些動詞之外，還有十種，幾乎都以被動式出現。

(一)有關“疾病”的動詞，如：

(1)Helen's left lung is infected.

(2)He is confined to the house by illness.

(3)The old man was seized with sudden chest pains.

(二)有關“疲乏”的動詞，如：

(4) I am completely exhausted after the game.

(5)Tom was done up after the race.

(三)有關“喜樂”的動詞，如：

(6)The children were fascinated by the toys.

(7)We were delighted to hear the good news.

(8) I am very pleased to see you here.

(四)有關“延遲”或“障礙”的動詞，如：

(9)The workers were held up by the heavy rain.

(10)The road was blocked by ice.

(11)The train was delayed by 30 minutes.

(五)有關“慣性動作”的動詞，如：

(12)Tom is addicted to smoking.

(13)Foreign workers are quite used to hard work.

(六)有關“煩惱”或“焦急”的動詞，如：

(14)Who was upset by John?

(15)Mother was annoyed to know this.

(七)有關“驚奇”或“震驚”的動詞，如：

(16) I was surprised to see him here.

(17)All were shocked to hear the bad news.

(八)有關“包圍”的動詞，如：

(18)The troops were surrounded.

(19)Troy was besieged.

(九)有關“沾污”或“污化”的動詞，如：

(20)Judy's reputation is tarnished.

(21)The water was contaminated with oil.

(十)有關“害怕”或“混亂”的動詞，如：

(22)All were frightened out of their wits.

(23)He was puzzled about what to do next.

要注意的一點是，上面這十類動詞有些已漸漸失去了動詞力量，轉化為慣用語。

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